Pemecutan

Pemecutan or officially United Kingdom of Pemecutan (Hanacaraka Latin: Pesamuan Puri Agung Pemecutan) is an island country located in east central of Melayu Archipelago. It doesn't have land border with any nations but it has a maritime border with Eraman to the north and west, Kencana to the northeast, Southern Palm Islands to the south and southwest and the vast Madya Sea to the east. A united kingdom, Pemecutan is consist of 6 constituent states and 1 federal city. The states are Kerobokan, Kesiman, Mengwi, Petang Islands, Tambangan and Satria while Pemecutan Puri is the only federal city. It has an area of 30,056 km2 and a population of 12.4 millions. It is considered a densely populated country in Melayu Archipelago. Pemecutan Puri is the capital while Ubung is the largest city in Pemecutan which is also the center of its economy. Another notable cities are Tambangan, Sanur, Mengwi, Jematang, Satria, Dalung, Kesiman.

Pemecutan history was begin around mid 4th century when the mainland was under the control of Sripala Kingdom, a Hindu kingdom centered on what is now Southern Palm Islands. The reigning of Sripala Kingdom in the island went through until the fall of the kingdom in late 8th century. Two kingdoms were emerge in the mainland, Giri Kingdom (centered in Tambangan now) and Mandara Kingdom (centered in Satria now). The two kingdoms were unified in late 10th century which established Mandara Giri Kingdom. The new kingdom was ruled jointly by Ki Watu Giri after he become the heir of both kingdoms. The kingdom was merely peaceful for around 4 centuries. It's only focusing on expansion within its land and engage in trade with neighboring countries. In early 14th century, the kingdom was collapsed. The rivalry between two princes endangered the kingdom. At the end, to prevent war the kingdom was split. Pemecutan enters Dark Period when kingdoms continued to splits and wars happened frequently.

In 16th century, British came to the country engaging a trade deal. But the situation change later on. One by one kingdoms in Pemecutan were being conquered. Started with Petang Islands in 1879 until Mandara Giri in 1906. The area mostly unharmed during the First World War. But it was getting hit in the Second World War. In 1943, Japanese forces successfully taken control of the whole islands. Independence movement was started in 1946 after the dissatisfaction over British colonial government which failed to protected Pemecutan during the World War. After an intense talked, 4 kingdoms that located in Giri Island agreed to unite together and established United Kingdom of Pemecutan. While, Petang Islands and Mengwi continue to be a separate entities. It was not until 1966 when both Petang Islands and Mengwi decided to joined Pemecutan.

Pemecutan is considered a developing country with an emerging industrial base. The economy was boost after oil boom in 1970's. In 2019, the government successfully decreased the unemployment rate to its lowest position. While the largest obstacles are still transportation and environment. The government try to reduce its dependence on fossil-based power plant.

Etymology
The name of Pemecutan is derived from local word, pecut which means whip. The folklore stated (and also mention in Chronicle of Watugunung Dynasty), Ki Watu Giri, the first King of Mandara Giri was a master of whipping. He was believe to receive a sacred treasure from the mountain spirit that guarding both mountains in the north and west of Giri dominion. The sacred treasure are two whips, one with yellowish color (representing Basukinanta dragon, the guardian of Mount Basuki in the west) and the other with bluish color (representing Bogananta dragon, the guardian of Mount Pacung in the north). The name was believed to be chosen to give the new establish nation a blessings from the guardian of both mountains.

The whip is regard as a sacred symbol for the country. A dual whips has been use as the symbol of Watugunung Dynasty. All Watugunung's branch line also using whip as their symbol. States and territories of Pemecutan also put a whip in their coat of arms. This folklore also become the main reason why the area is called as Pemecutan by British administration.

Prehistory
There is a dispute over the first human to settling in the island. Fossilized remain of Homo pacungensis which discovered in the cave at the foothill of Mount Pacung, suggested that archaic human has been inhabited Pemecutan mainland as early as 50,000 years ago. It is believe that these early human still in contact with Australoids tribe that reached the islands around 25,000 BC before it become extinct somewhat around 10,000 - 5,000 BC.

Around 500 BC, Austronesians people reached Giri Island, Pemecutan mainland. These peoples are recognized as the ancestors of the current peoples of Pemecutan. The discovery of iron and the applied of wet-field rice cultivation by Austronesians makes them successfully survive in the island. The peoples started to leave their nomadic lifestyle. Settlements and villages were flourished during this time. Indian trader came to the island around fourth century. These trader were known to influence early Pemecutanian peoples for their language writing. Hence the Hanacaraka script was discovered during this period. Indian trader also influence the peoples politics and society. Settlements and villages group together and larger tribe emerge. Two tribe were recognized to control the mainland. Giri Tribe took control the eastern part of Giri Island while Mandara Tribe controlled the northern part. Giri Tribe also spread themselves into Saurya Islands (today Mengwi). While Mandara Tribe spread into Petang Archipelago.

Sripala Era
Sripala Kingdom established around 350 AD in what is now Southern Palm Islands. The small kingdom grew quickly and spread its influence into nearby islands including Pemecutan. At first, Sripala colonized the southern part of Giri Island around 387 AD in what is now Sanur. The existence of Sripala influenced the tribal life in Pemecutan. In a very short time both Giri and Mandara tribes were fall under Sripala Kingdom. Two administrations were established in the Mainland, Giri and Mandara. Giri administration was centered on Giripuri (in today Tulangampiang) and Mandara administration was centered on Barunajaya (in today Ubung).

In 412 AD, Sripala take controlled of Saurya Islands. The islands was put under Giri administration. While Petang Archipelago which was taken in 419 AD was put under Mandara administration. The economy of the islands was increase by the trade domestically and with its neighboring country. Sripala land enlargement create many clashed with its neighbors, especially with Meilawati Kingdom. Several wars happened between two large kingdoms in their land race. Continues wars devastated domestic situation of Sripala. Many uprising occurred because the fright of instability. One by one Sripala's dominions seceded. Sripala begin to collapsed and eventually fall in 850 AD.

Dual Kingdom Era
Giri Island was leaderless after the fall of Sripala. Ki Jaya Menala gathered his followers and established Mandara Kingdom in the north of the island. He keeps Barunajaya as the capital. He was entitled King Menala I with the coronation happened in 862 AD which also marked the beginning of the kingdom. To the south of Titih Mountain, Ki Sirih Abu established Giri Kingdom with Giripuri as its capital in 868 AD. He was entitled King Apuan I.

The domain of Mandara Kingdom was enlarge by the western of the island and Petang Archipelago. While Giri Kingdom took controlled of land south of Gerenceng Mountain together with Saurya Islands. Both kingdoms were in closed relationship and intermarriage were very common especially between its Royal Family. Most notable intermarriage were between Ki Watu Pahang (which then become King Apuan IV of Giri) with Princess Nyi Ayu Padmi of Mandara (which is the daughter of King Menala IV of Mandara). This marriage led to the unification of both kingdoms.

King Menala IV of Mandara had no male heir. He only had daughters from his Queen. His first daughter, Nyi Ayu Padmi was betrothed to Prince Ki Watu Pahang of Giri which then rise to the throne after his father death in 979. Their son, Ki Watu Giri was already replace King Menala IV of Mandara and become King Watugunung I of Mandara. Ki Watu Pahang (or King Apuan IV) continued to lead Giri Kingdom until his death in 994. The throne then went to his son, King Watugunung I of Mandara. To simplify the situation, King Watugunung I of Mandara decided to merge both kingdoms and established Mandara Giri Kingdom in 994. He retain his title when reigning the new kingdom.

Mandara Giri Kingdom
After the kingdom was established, King Watugunung I decided to moved the capital from Barunajaya into more inland position. He did several explorations. One place that immerse him is a river confluence to the east of Giripuri. Knowing that area has a positive energy, he decided to built the new capital there. He named the capital, Campuhan (which means river confluence in Hanacaraka). During the establishment of the new capital, the King reside in Giripuri. While Barunajaya is kept for the nation main port.

The capital establishment was not finished until the reign of King Watugunung III. But the King already reside there after Campuhan Palace (Puri Campuhan) was finished. The second King decided to change all the name of settlements and villages in the nation to more resembles and blended with local language.

The political and economy situation during the reign of Watugunung Dynasty was quite steady. Not much situation occurs. Many new villages were built as the population grows and trade was commence with neighboring countries. Several other ports also established in 4 directions, Ubung (North), Jematang (East), Dalung (West) and Sanur (South).

Watugunung Dynasty falls was a bit unexpected. Succession crisis occurs during the reign of King Cempaga III. Not because he had no male heir but because some of his sons contested the throne. To prevent a war, the King decided to split the kingdom into 3 entities. His eldest son from the Queen, Prince Ki Karang Arum become the heir of Mandara Giri Kingdom. His son from the second wife, Prince Ki Alit Jambe is given the land south of Gerenceng Mountain and established Watu Jambe Kingdom. His nephew, Prince Ki Banyu Linggih is given the land north of Titih Mountain, including Petang Archipelago and established Watu Linggih Kingdom. While Prince Ki Karang Arum domain was called Karanganyar Kingdom which also includes Mengwi islands. Watugunung Dynasty was officially split into 3 main lines, Karanganyar Line (descendants of Prince Ki Karang Arum), Jambe Line (descendants of Prince Ki Alit Jambe) and Linggih Line (descendants of Prince Ki Banyu Linggih).

Pemecutan Dark Period
After the split of Mandara Giri, Giri Islands and it's surrounding islands entered the Dark Period. Wars and rivalry between the kingdoms were inevitable. Petang Archipelago seceded from Watu Linggih Kingdom in 1644 and established Nusa Petang Kingdom after Watu Linggih throne went to a female ruler. The first Queen of Watu Linggih was also forced to abdicated after her son, Prince Ki Sida Sapurna, reached maturity age. Watu Linggih Kingdom was then replaced by Satria Kingdom.

In Karanganyar Kingdom, the younger brother of King Karanganyar II, Prince Ki Kerta Pala was given the authority to rule Saurya Islands. He built a palace there and named his domain Karang Surya Kingdom. The kingdom was a direct vassal of Karanganyar until the fall of the dynasty. The reign of Pala Dynasty ended in 1717 after the throne was given to the nephew of the late King which indirectly begin a new dynastic line. The kingdom name was also change into Mengwi Kingdom.

In Watu Jambe, a ruler change also replacing the kingdom. Jambe dynasty was continued by their minor branched line, Merta House. This event occurred after the death of the heirless King Jambe XVII in 1833. The kingdom then continued as Kesiman Kingdom.

Karanganyar was also falls because of internal issue over marriage dispute. Tambangan House raging a coup to Karanganyar King with the help Kaleran House. Tambangan House, lead by Prince Ki Sangga Geni win the war and take over the kingdom. Karanganyar Royal Family was banished to Sadha Island off the southeast coast of Sadmerta before being sent to Batubulan and designated as a Count there. Karanganyar Kingdom was split between Tambangan House and Kaleran House which established Tambangan Kingdom and Kerobokan Kingdom. Mengwi was also cut its ties with Tambangan Kingdom and become a full sovereign kingdom.

Several wars happened during the period. Most of the wars were about border disputes. Karanganyar and Watu Linggih engaged in 2 major wars about their border. The same happened between Karanganyar and Watu Jambe. Batubulan island have been a continues issue between Karanganyar and Nusa Petang. And later, between Tambangan Kingdom and Nusa Petang.

Administrative divisions
Pemecutan is divided into 6 constituent states and a federal city. On their independence, Pemecutan consists of 4 states which are all located in Giri Island. Mengwi and Petang Islands decided to joined the federation in 1966 which greatly expanded the country domain. In 1978, the capital, Pemecutan Puri was separated from Tambangan Province and become it's own territory directly control by Pemecutan Central Government.

Each of the States are divided into provinces. There are a total 28 provinces, with Kerobokan having the lowest number of provinces. While Tambangan and Mengwi have the most. Below the provinces are municipalities. There are 304 municipalities in Pemecutan, including the capital city.