Kanginan

Kanginan or officially Kingdom of Kanginan (Hanacaraka Latin: Puri Anom Kanginan; Bahasa: Kerajaan Kanginan) is one of 6 constituent states of Pemecutan. Located to the east of Pemecutan mainland, Kanginan is one out of 2 Pemecutan states that is not located in Giri Island. It is bordered to the north by Batubulan Sea, Madya Sea to its east and south and Canggu Strait to its west. The capital is Mengwi which is also the largest city. It has a land area of 6,656 km2 and a population of 1.9 millions. With the figure, Mengwi is the second largest states in Pemecutan by area and third by population. Other notable cities including Canggu, Mengwitani and Mambal.

It's history can be traced back from early fifth century when the island was under Sripala Kingdom. It was known as Saurya Islands. Kanginan then become part of Mandara Giri Kingdom and its successor country. It was not until late 18th century that Kanginan become a sovereign nation. Although it was a vassal of Tambangan Kingdom. But the nation was short-lived after it was conquered by British Empire in 1879. It become a protectorate of British.

After World War II, independence movement arisen in Kanginan. They rejected the plan to merge the kingdom with other kingdoms in Giri Island. Kanginan finally gained it's independence in 1952. The nation went through a hard history after a coup and overthrow of monarchy. With the intervention of Giri Federation, the nation reinstated it's Monarchy and together with Petang Islands decided to join Giri Federation and established Pemecutan.

Today, Kingdom of Kanginan is the third largest economy in Pemecutan. Falling behind of Tambangan and Ulunusa. It main economic drive is tourism with mining, fishery and agriculture become it's back up. Most of the development centered in the western part of the state where the capital, Mengwi, and the main port, Mengwitani are located.

Etymology
During the Sripala reigned, the islands was known by the name Saurya Islands. The name was believed to be based off God of Sun in Hindusim, Surya. The naming in coincidence with the islands location in the eastern edge of Sripala's domain.

Under Sripala, it was included in Bajradwipa administration together with Petang Archipelago and Batubulan Island. Bajradwipa itself comes from Sanskrit word Vajra and Dveepa which mean Island of Vajra. The naming was selected as the island located in the East where Vajra or Bajra is the weapon of God Isvara, the God of East.

The name of Kanginan is use for the kingdom in 1771 in coincidence with the kingdom establishment. Kanginan comes from Hanacaraka word of Kangin which means East. Kanginan itself can be translated into Eastern.

Early History
The island was believe to be inhabited as early as 15,000 BC. The discovery of stone tools in northern shore of Surya Island, Kanginan main island, backed the possibility. The Austroloids were the first peoples to settled in the island. They were believed to sailed to the island from Giri Island, Pemecutan mainland. Around 450-500 BC, the Austronesian reached the island. And again they were coming from Giri Island. These peoples interact with the former Austroloid peoples who already settled there.

The Austronesian brought iron works and wet-field cultivation to the island. They begin to settled in the coastline and established permanent settlements. As the island is lacked of mineral deposit, iron ore have to be brought from Giri Island. The situation also makes the island is very depend on Giri Island.

The influence of Indian trader in Giri Island also spread to Kanginan. Hanacaraka language was also introduce in the island. It become use widely today. Tribes eventually emerge especially in the western and northern coast and also in Canggu Island.

Bajradwipa
The rise of Sripala Kingdom also reached Kanginan. The island was conquered around 412 AD. But it was not until 420 AD that the island had its own administration. Bajradwipa was established which includes Saurya Islands, Petang Archipelago and Batubulan Island. It was one of the most frequent uprising occurred during Sripala reigned.

When Sripala Kingdom fall around 850 AD, Kanginan become one of the early area to seceded. Bajradwipa administration was disbanded. But there were no official administration ever occurred afterwards. Tribes always fights each other for the rights to rule the whole island. Canggu Island was conquered in 894 AD. While Saurya Island was conquered in 1017.

During the reigned of Mandara Giri Kingdom, the situation in Kanginan were very bad. Canggu island was transformed into prison island. While Kanginani were often taken as slaves or hard labourers in Mandara Giri's mine or plantations. The situation continues until the fall of the kingdom. The islands tried to break away during Mandala Giri Succession War but the attempted was failed. The islands administration was then continued to Karanganyar Kingdom. A slight change came during the reigned of King Karanganyar II. The island economy was developed. Port was also established in Mengwitani. A drastic change happened after the fall of Karanganyar. The islands was given to Mangu House and Kanginan Kingdom was established.

Monarchy Era
Saurya Islands became more developed after the establishment of Kanginan Kingdom although the kingdom was still a vassal of Tambangan Kingdom. Port of Mengwitani was enlarge and trade was developed with other neighboring countries.

Western countries have came to the islands around 18th century. At first they were very friendly. But along the time, they made the kingdom dependent on them both economically and military. Kanginani nobles try to warned the King but their attempted failed. In late 1878, British forces suddenly attacked Kanginan and colonized the islands. While Tambangan forces failed to help them. The King was reinstated by British government although they were now become a protectorate of the Empire.

Protectorate & World War
Although under the presence of British but the situations were quite pleasant. Schools were established. Pavement roads and modern technologies were introduced. The side effects were the dependent of military and diplomacy. Both area were controlled by British government.

The situation reached their turning point during World War II. Even though Kanginan were just mildly affected but the conquered of Tambangan Kingdom by Japanese forces also drag Kanginan into it. Fortunately, the Japanese presence were not too long. Pemecutan area were liberated in early 1945.

The British came back to claimed their lost territories. But they were facing backlash from Kanginani King and nobles. Nobles families and commoners marched together to protest about British presence in their land. An action that they learned from their brothers in Giri Island.

In 1947, a meeting was held between British ambassador and all the 6 kingdoms in Pemecutan area. The meeting was to decided the future of the area. There was an idea to merge all kingdoms into a single country which in the mind of British ambassador will be more stronger both economically and militarily. But the idea was rejected by Kanginani and Petangian delegations. The four kingdoms in Giri Island held separate meeting and established Giri Federation. While Kanginan was granted independence in 1952.

Administrative divisions
Officially, Kanginan is divided into 4 cities and 6 regencies.