Pemecutan

Pemecutan or officially United Kingdom of Pemecutan (Hanacaraka Latin: Pesamuan Puri Agung Pemecutan) is an island country located in east central of Melayu Archipelago. It doesn't have land border with any nations but it has a maritime border with Eraman to the north, Mengwi to the east, Southern Palm Islands to the south and southwest and Sharktail to its west. A united kingdom, Pemecutan is consist of 3 constituent states and 3 territories. The states are Kesiman, Mandara Giri and Satria while the territories are Batubulan, Petang Islands and Pemecutan Puri, the capital. It has an area of 23,400 km2 and a population of 10.5 millions. It is considered a densely populated country in Melayu Archipelago. Pemecutan Puri is the capital while Ubung is the largest city in Pemecutan which is also the center of its economy. Another notable cities are Tambangan, Sanur, Jematang, Satria (City) and Kesiman (City).

Pemecutan history was begin around mid 4th century when the mainland was under the control of Sripala Kingdom, a Hindu kingdom centered on what is now Southern Palm Islands. The reigning of Sripala Kingdom in the island went through until the fall of the kingdom in late 8th century. Two kingdoms were emerge in the mainland, Giri Kingdom (centered in Mandara Giri State now) and Mandara Kingdom (centered in Satria State now). The two kingdoms were unified in late 10th century which established Mandara Giri Kingdom. The new kingdom was ruled jointly by Ki Watu Giri after he become the heir of both kingdoms. The kingdom was merely peaceful for around 4 centuries. It's only focusing on expansion within its land and engage in trade with neighboring countries. In early 14th century, the kingdom was collapsed. The rivalry between two princes endangered the kingdom. At the end, to prevent war the kingdom was split and a confederation was established. The confederation is named Pemecutan Confederation.

In 16th century, British came to the country engaging a trade deal. But the situation change later on. Pemecutan Confederation was being colonized little by little starting with the collapsed of Mengwi State in 1879 until the complete surrender of Mandara Giri in 1906. The nation mostly unharmed during the First World War. But it was getting hit in the Second World War. In 1943, Japanese forces successfully taken control of the whole nation. Independence movement was started in 1946 after the dissatisfaction over British colonial government which failed to protected Pemecutan during the World War. The independence pressured fruited when British government granted their independence in 1949.

In early independence, the central government struggled to controlled its dominion. Mengwian began to uprising as they felt neglected by the central government. After the pressure from international community, Pemecutan Central Government agreed to hold referendum in Mengwi Territory. The referendum was held in 1962 and resulted in Mengwi independence. The independence process lasted for around 4 years with Pemecutan Central Government granted Mengwi independence in 1966. Changed was also made in 1978 when Batubulan Territory was split into 2 entities, Batubulan and Petang Islands.

Pemecutan is considered a developing country with an emerging industrial base. The economy was boost after oil boom in 1970's. In 2019, the government successfully decreased the unemployment rate to its lowest position. While the largest obstacles are still transportation and environment. The government try to reduce its dependence on fossil-based power plant.

Etymology
The name of Pemecutan is derived from local word, pecut which means whip. The folklore stated (and also mention in Chronicle of Watugunung Dynasty), Ki Watu Giri, the first King of Pemecutan was a master of whipping. He was believe to receive a sacred treasure from the mountain spirit that guarding both mountains in the north and west of Giri dominion. The sacred treasure are two whips, one with yellowish color (representing Basukinanta dragon, the guardian of Mount Basuki in the west) and the other with bluish color (representing Bogananta dragon, the guardian of Mount Pacung in the north). The name was believed to be chosen to give the new establish nation a blessings from the guardian of both mountains.

The whip is regard as a sacred symbol for the country. A dual whips has been use as the symbol of Watugunung Dynasty. All Watugunung's branch line also using whip as their symbol. States and territories of Pemecutan also put a whip in their coat of arms. While Mengwi retain their original coat of arms even after their independence from Pemecutan. Their coat of arms also has a whip in it.

Prehistory
There is a dispute over the first human to settling in the island. Fossilized remain of Homo pacungensis which discovered in the cave at the foothill of Mount Pacung, suggested that archaic human has been inhabited Pemecutan mainland as early as 50,000 years ago. It is believe that these early human still in contact with Australoids tribe that reached the islands around 25,000 BC before it become extinct somewhat around 10,000 - 5,000 BC.

Around 500 BC, Austronesians people reached the island. These peoples are recognized as the ancestors of the current peoples of Pemecutan. The discovery of iron and the applied of wet-field rice cultivation by Austronesians makes them successfully survive in the island. The peoples started to leave their nomadic lifestyle. Settlements and villages were flourished during this time. Indian trader came to the island around fourth century. These trader were known to influence early Pemecutanian peoples for their language writing. Hence the Hanacaraka script was discovered during this period. Indian trader also influence the peoples politics and society. Settlements and villages group together and larger tribe emerge. Two tribe were recognized to control the mainland. Giri Tribe took control the central and southern part of Pemecutan Mainland while Mandara Tribe controlled the north and western part.

Sripala Era
Sripala Kingdom established around 350 AD in what is now Southern Palm Islands. The small kingdom grew quickly and spread its influence into nearby islands including Pemecutan. At first, Sripala colonized the southern part of Pemecutan Mainland around 387 AD in what is now Sanur Province. The existence of Sripala influenced the tribal life in Pemecutan. In a very short time both Giri and Mandara tribes were fall under Sripala Kingdom. Two administrations were established in the Mainland, Giri and Mandara. Giri administration was centered on Giripuri (in today Tulangampiang) and Mandara administration was centered on Barunajaya (in today Ubung).

In 412 AD, Sripala take controlled of Mengwi and Canggu Island. Both islands was put under Giri administration. While Petang Archipelago (including Batubulan island) which was taken in 419 AD was put under Mandara administration. The economy of the islands was increase by the trade domestically and with its neighboring country. Sripala land enlargement create many clashed with its neighbors, especially with Meilawati Kingdom. Several wars happened between two large kingdoms in their land race. Continues wars devastated domestic situation of Sripala. Many uprising occurred because the fright of instability. One by one Sripala's dominions seceded. Sripala begin to collapsed and eventually fall in 850 AD.

Dual Kingdom Era
Pemecutan was leaderless after the fall of Sripala. Ki Jaya Menala gathered his followers and established Mandara Kingdom in the north of the island. He keeps Barunajaya as the capital. He was entitled King Menala I with the coronation happened in 862 AD which also marked the beginning of the kingdom. To the south of Titih Mountain, Ki Sirih Abu established Giri Kingdom with Giripuri as its capital in 868 AD. He was entitled King Apuan I.

The domain of Mandara Kingdom was enlarge by the addition of western Pemecutan and Petang Archipelago. While Giri Kingdom took controlled of land south of Gerenceng Mountain together with Mengwi Islands. Both kingdoms were in closed relationship and intermarriage were very common especially between its Royal Family. Most notable intermarriage were between Ki Watu Pahang (which then become King Apuan IV of Giri) with Princess Nyi Ayu Padmi of Mandara (which is the daughter of King Menala IV of Mandara). This marriage led to the unification of both kingdoms.

King Menala IV of Mandara had no male heir. He only had daughters from his Queen. His first daughter, Nyi Ayu Padmi was betrothed to Prince Ki Watu Pahang of Giri which then rise to the throne after his father death in 979. Their son, Ki Watu Giri was already replace King Menala IV of Mandara and become King Watugunung I of Mandara. Ki Watu Pahang (or King Apuan IV) continued to lead Giri Kingdom until his death in 994. The throne then went to his son, King Watugunung I of Mandara. To simplify the situation, King Watugunung I of Mandara decided to merge both kingdoms and established Mandara Giri Kingdom in 994. He retain his title when reigning the new kingdom.

Mandara Giri Kingdom
After the kingdom was established, King Watugunung I decided to moved the capital from Barunajaya into more inland position. He did several explorations. One place that immerse him is a river confluence to the east of Giripuri. Knowing that area has a positive energy, he decided to built the new capital there. He named the capital, Campuhan (which means river confluence in Hanacaraka). During the establishment of the new capital, the King reside in Giripuri. While Barunajaya is kept for the nation main port.

The capital establishment was not finished until the reign of King Watugunung II. But the King already reside there after Campuhan Palace (Puri Campuhan) was finished. The second King decided to change all the name of settlements and villages in the nation to more resembles and blended with local language.

The political and economy situation during the reign of Watugunung Dynasty was quite steady. Not much situation occurs. Many new villages were built as the population grows and trade was commence with neighboring countries. Several other ports also established in 4 directions, Ubung (North), Jematang (East), Dalung (West) and Sanur (South).

Watugunung Dynasty falls was a bit unexpected. Succession crisis occurs during the reign of King Cempaga III. Not because he had no male heir but because some of his sons contested the throne. To prevent a war, the King decided to split the kingdom into 3 entities. His eldest son from the Queen, Prince Ki Karang Arum become the heir of Mandara Giri Kingdom. His son from the second wife, Prince Ki Alit Jambe is given the land south of Gerenceng Mountain and established Kesiman Kingdom. His nephew, Prince Ki Banyu Linggih is given the land north of Titih Mountain, including Petang Archipelago and established Satria Kingdom. While Mengwi Islands was still under Mandara Giri. Prince Ki Karang Arum upon coronation also become the Paramount King. He called this new entity as Pemecutan Confederation. Watugunung Dynasty was officially split into 3 main lines, Karanganyar Line (descendants of Prince Ki Karang Arum), Jambe Line (descendants of Prince Ki Alit Jambe) and Linggih Line (descendants of Prince Ki Banyu Linggih).

Pemecutan Confederation
Upon his coronation in 1351, Prince Ki Karang Arum (or known as King Karanganyar I) decided to move his residence. A new palace was built in the north bank of Giri River which crossing Campuhan. This new palace was then called Pemecutan Grand Palace (Puri Agung Pemecutan). The capital name was also changed into Pemecutan.

The relationship between the 3 kingdoms went very well after the split. Intermarriage between Royal Families were very common. Trade and economy was also not very affected by this sudden change. Ubung and Jematang continued their rivalry as the largest port in the country. The peaceful situation lasted for around 400 years until a minor incident become the reason of the dynasty fall.

During the reign of King Karanganyar XV, his beautiful daughter was being bethroted to Tambangan Royal House heir which is the cousin of the King. When King Jambe XV of Kesiman visit Pemecutan, he laid eyes to the beautiful princess. He asked King Karanganyar XV for a marriage ties between the princess and one of his son. King Karanganyar XV unable to disagree with the sudden proposal.

When the news reached Prince Ki Sangga Geni, the King's cousin and the head of Tambangan Royal House, the situation went awry. Prince Ki Sangga Geni came to the palace and confronted the King's decision. The King unable to break the proposal with King of Kesiman which infuriate Prince Ki Sangga Geni. Together with Prince Ki Eka Basur (head of Kaleran Royal House and also cousin of King Karanganyar XV), Prince Ki Sangga Geni declared war upon Karanganyar Royal House.

Unprepared, Pemecutan Grand Palace was besiege. After a month under siege, Pemecutan Palace collapsed. King Karanganyar XV was captured and put into prison while the other family members were put under house arrest inside the palace. Pemecutan Grand Palace was heavily guarded.

Prince Ki Sangga Geni took the throne of Mandara Giri from King Karanganyar XV and claimed as the rightful successor of Pemecutan's Paramount King. Karanganyar Royal Family was stripped from their title. The former King, Ki Alit Nabe and his family were banished to Sadha Island, a tiny island off the coast of Sadmerta municipality. Ki Alit Nabe died in the island. Karanganyar Royal Family was then sent to Batubulan Island. They was created the title Count of Batubulan (Jero Batubulan). While Prince Ki Sangga Geni rise to the throne as King Tambangan I. Prince Ki Eka Basur was created the title King of Mengwi and officially reigning in Mengwi and Canggu island. He became King Kaleran I of Mengwi.

Administrative divisions
Pemecutan is divided into 3 constituent states and 3 territories. After their independence in 1949, Pemecutan was divided into 4 constituent states and 1 territory. In 1966, Mengwi was granted independence while Pemecutan Puri was admitted as the second territory. The last territorial change was in 1978 when Batubulan City was split from Petang Islands and form its own territory.